Are the symptoms permanent?
Although there are effective and safe medications for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), this disease cannot be cured. This means that your best chance of staying in remission is to continue on your prescribed medical therapy, even when you are feeling well.

Coping with UC?
...

Are the symptoms permanent?
Although there are effective and safe medications for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), this disease cannot be cured. This means that your best chance of staying in remission is to continue on your prescribed medical therapy, even when you are feeling well.

Coping with UC?
...

Are the symptoms permanent?
Although there are effective and safe medications for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), this disease cannot be cured. This means that your best chance of staying in remission is to continue on your prescribed medical therapy, even when you are feeling well.

Coping with UC?
...

Are the symptoms permanent?
Although there are effective and safe medications for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), this disease cannot be cured. This means that your best chance of staying in remission is to continue on your prescribed medical therapy, even when you are feeling well.

Coping with UC?
...

What is UC
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory condition of the large intestine. (Inflammation is a localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection. It is characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function.)

Ulcerative means a loss of the surface lining, and colitis means inflammation of that lining or mucosa. The inflammation is caused by an abnormal invasion of white blood cells into the mucosa. The exact cause of this attack is not known, but it is thought that a combination of genetic and environmental factors causes the immune system to react aggressively against the normal bacteria that inhabit the colon...

Francesca Cheung, MD CCFP, is a family physician with a special interest in dermatology. She received the Diploma in Practical Dermatology from the Department of Dermatology at Cardiff University in Wales, UK. She is practising at the Lynde Centre for Dermatology in Markham, Ontario and works closely with Dr. Charles Lynde, MD FRCPC, an experienced dermatologist. In addition to providing direct patient care, she acts as a sub-investigator in multiple clinical studies involving psoriasis, onychomycosis, and acne.

Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer that arises from basal cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis. It is the most common type of skin cancer in humans, but they rarely metastasize. If BCC is left untreated and progresses, it may lead to significant morbidity and cosmetic disgurement. In nearly all cases, the recommended treatment modality for BCC is surgery. Small and superficial BCC may respond to local immune-modulating therapies. For tumors that are more difficult to treat or those in which tissue preservation is essential, Mohs micrographic surgery should be considered. Radiation therapy can be used for advanced and extended BCC and in those patients for whom surgery is contraindicated. Photodynamic therapy is usually used as an adjunct in BCCs with poorly defined border, in cases which oculoplastic surgery will be extensive or difficult, or in recurrent BCCs with tissue atrophy or scar formation. Oral vismodegib has been approved for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma who are not candidates for surgery or radiation and for those with metastatic disease. The prognosis for BCC is generally great with 100% survival rate for localized cases.
Keywords: Basal cell carcinoma, Nonmelanoma skin cancer, Hedgehog intracellular signalling pathway, Imiquimod 5% cream, 5-Fluorouracil 5% cream.

Fatemeh Akbarian, MD,¹ Mehdi Aarabi, MD,² Ali Vahidirad, MD,³ Mehrdad Ghobadi, MD,⁴ Mohaddeseh Ghelichli MD,⁵
Mohammad A. Shafiee, MD, MSc, FRCPC,^6
1Dermatologist, Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. ²Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. ^3,4,5Joint, Bone, Connective Tissue Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. ⁶Division of General Internal Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

Abstract
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma has the highest morbidity and mortality among different types of skin cancers; as one of the most common malignancies in the world. Early detection and diagnosis of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma followed by adequate surgical excision are the most important tasks in management of this potentially curable skin cancer. Screening methods and diagnostic criteria including clinical and dermoscopic findings will be discussed in this article.
Keywords: Melanoma, Dermoscopy, UV Exposure, Epiluminescence Microscopy (ELM).

P.K. Shenoy, MD, FRCS, DLO, FACS, ENT Service Chief, Campbellton Regional Hospital, Campbellton, NB, Canada.
Ahmad Khatib, MD, L.M.C.C, is a family physician and an ER physician, Campbellton Regional Hospital, Campbellton, New Brunswick, Canada.

Abstract
A rare case of severe headache presenting with spontaneous pneumocephalus secondary to frontal sinus pneumocele is described. To the best of our knowledge this is the second case presented in the English literature. Clinical presentation, management, and outcome are discussed.
Keywords: spontaneous pneumocephalus, pneumocele, frontal sinus, osteoma, headache.